9.11 The Human Brain

1. Introduction to the Course

1.1 - Nancy Tells a Story to Introduce her New Course: The Human Brain [updated 2019]

1.2 - How Can We Study the Human Mind and Brain? Marr’s Level’s of Analysis

1.3 - What this Course will Cover

1.4 - Goals of the Course

2. Methods in Cognitive Neuroscience Illustrated with the example of face perception

2.1 - Face Recognition: What are the Questions?

2.2 - Face Recognition at the level of Computational Theory (Lite)

2.3 - Face Recognition: Clues from Introspection

2.4 - Face Recognition: Clues from Behavioral Experiments - The Face Inversion Effect

2.5 - Face Recognition: Clues from Behavioral Experiments - Holistic Processing

2.6 - Recap of previous lecture

2.7 - Face Recognition: Behavioral evidence against invariant representations of unfamiliar faces. (Jenkins et al., 2011)

2.8 - Recap on what we have learned about face recognition from behavioral experiments

2.9 - Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)

2.10 - Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

2.12 - Intracranial Recording

2.13 - Why We Need Disruption Methods in Cognitive Neuroscience (Prosopagnosia)

2.14 - Double Dissociations (Prosopagnosia vs. Agnosia)

2.15 - TMS

2.16 - Intercranial Electrical Stimulation

2.17 - Recap: Questions about face perception and the human methods that can address them

2.18 - On the use of Animals in Cognitive Neuroscience Research

2.19 - The Face System In Macaques

3. Visual System: Retina to Cortex

3.1 - Why study Vision, and What is Vision for?

3.2 - The Retina

3.3 - Receptive Fields of Retinal Ganglion Cells

3.5 - Retinotopic Maps

3.6 - Orientation Selectivity

3.7 - Ocular Dominance Columns

3.8 - Beyond V1: Lots of Visual Areas

3.9 - Example: Visual Motion Area MT

4. The Ventral Visual Pathway and Category Selectivity

4.1 - Evidence from brain damage for the two pathways

4.2 - Shape processing in The Ventral Visual Pathway (LOC)

4.3 - Category Selectivity in the VVP

4.4 - Haxby's Challenge to Category Selectivity and MVPA

4.5 - A Response to Haxby’s Challenge

4.6 - Neural Decoding

5. Navigation I

5.1 - Feats of Animal Navigation

5.2 - The Fundamental Problems of Navigation

5.3 - The Parahippocampal Place Area Studied with fMRI

5.4 - Causal tests of the role of the PPA

5.5 - The Broader Scene Navigation Network

6. Navigation II

6.1 - Recap of the Ventral Visual Pathway, Topographic Disorientation, and the PPA

6.2 - The Navigation Network PPA, RSC, & OPA

6.3 - Hippocampus and Place Cells

6.4 - Head Direction Cells, Grid Cells, and Border Cells

6.5 - Reorientation, the Geometric Module, and Informational Encapsulation

6.6 - What are Place Cells doing during Reorientation

6.7 - Coding for the Time and Location of Remembered Events in the Hippocampus

6.8 - Using Grid & Place Cells for Much More than Space

7. Developmental Origins (Nature and Nurture)

7.1 - Which aspects of mental structure are innate and which are learned

7.2 - Basic Facts about Brain Development

7.3 - What we need to know to understand development

7.4 - Face Detection in Newborns

7.5 - Face Discrimination in Newborns

7.6 - Perceptual Narrowing in Infant Face Perception

7.7 - Sugita’s Face Deprivation Behavioral Study

7.8 - The Development of Face Processing Regions of Cortex

7.9 - So, what if anything is innate about face perception

8. Development II

8.1 - Recap of last lecture

8.2 - Diffusion imaging & diffusion tractography

8.3 - Connectivity fingerprints in adults

8.4 - Connectivity as a constraint on development: rewired ferrets (Sur)

8.5 - The visual word form area: a cortical region whose selectivity depends on individual experience

8.6 - Connectivity fingerprints predict the location of the VWFA (Saygin et al 2016)

8.7 - Kant and Innate Representations of Space in Rodents

8.8 - Reorientation in Chicks Reared without Geometric Experience

8.9 - Recap: what cortical selectivities are innate?

8.10 - Could brain organization be different: a) after early brain damage, or b) from very different experience?

8.11 - Can the brain reorganize after brain damage?

8.12 - Functional reorganization in congenital blindness